A wealth of frescoes to discover
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The Castle of Bentivoglio continues to reveal precious fragments of its history through the pictorial decorations that have survived over the centuries. A recent photographic report by Valerio Zanna, also shared on the Bentivoglio Nature and Art Facebook page, sheds light on the frescoes in the ground‑floor corridor, now used as offices of the Ramazzini Institute. Executed by Bolognese fresco painters in the second half of the 15th century, these paintings represent a rare testimony of 15th‑century decorative art.
Among the most significant elements are the medallions, which, although compromised by time, retain details of considerable interest, depicting hunting scenes, landscapes and heraldic motifs. Among these, the shield bearing the Sforza arms stands out, notable for its dimensions and its level of preservation, superior to that of comparable examples.
The interest in these decorations also lies in the execution technique. The use of colours applied in a manner closer to watercolour painting than to traditional fresco suggests a less durable decorative intention, probably conceived to be updated over time or replaced according to the needs of new owners.
However, the agricultural use adopted by the Castle in the subsequent centuries and, above all, the failure to realise the grand Baroque manor house designed by the Ferrara Bentivoglio in the early decades of the seventeenth century have contributed to the preservation of these frescoes, sparing them from radical renovation interventions.
Of particular relief are the architectural decorations depicting towers, symbols of power and defence, as well as the mural traces of landscapes, characterised by subtle and evocative colour schemes. The musical putti, still visible in some sections, and the presence of enigmatic figures, such as the character holding an astrolabe, further enrich the castle’s iconographic repertoire, conferring on it a great historical and artistic value of considerable charm and a hint of mystery. A particularly noteworthy aspect is the stylistic similarity of certain details to the elegance and refinement of the illumination in 15th‑century manuscripts produced between Bologna and Ferrara. The medallion designs, the shape of the trees with their typical triangular canopy, the rocky elements (those curved basalt columns with their tipical vertical partitions) and vegetation closely recall the style of the Bolognese painter who created “Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata” (Palazzo Mosca, Pesaro) or “The Killing of a Gentleman,” attributed to the workshop of Francesco del Cossa. These parallels suggest the mutual influence of the miniature tradition on wall decoration, highlighting the artistic continuity between the different expressive forms of the fifteenth century. The blend of celebratory and landscape elements offers a unique and exceptionally rare snapshot of Bolognese aristocratic decoration of the period, making this painted cycle a treasure of considerable importance to preserve and valorise.
Essential reference bibliography:
A. Buitoni, L. Cerasi, Gli affreschi del castello di Bentivoglio: unpublished works and a new reading, "Strenna storica bolognese", LIX, 2009, pp. 67-87.
Su commissione di Carlo Alberto Pizzardi: progetti, opere d'arte e arredi a Bologna e Bentivoglio, (a cura di) Antonio Buitoni, Francesca Sinigaglia, Ed. Patron, Bologna 2022.